It question is, where are we The assassination was surprising. ublic could not believe that the young nationalist-revoluopposition group, would be • of, or prepared to put their Nationalism into practice. However, the p has been continuous: rebank robberies to get funds, of arms and dynamite, explo.. At the end of April a Juard died on the road to San conan. The press said that he en assassinated by two actiFour or five hours after this became the Civil Guard shot the ETA which Txabi Echevarrieta. A miliribunal sentenced his comto death after a summary arnment given Basque Later, this man, Sarasqueta, ardoned, undoubtedly due to re of public opinion and also is "compensated" for that of use ivil Guard and an "armed could thus be preserved. I forget what a Basque small ssman told me in a voice that past, d very sincere: "We had ed that if they killed Saraswe too would take to the class victory, there won't be an armed The ETA continues what reactionary like an orderly plan of subin the Basque country, y which the nationalists do nsider to be part of Spain. future / Nationalism force. Franco's onalisin has a popular base in sque country but it does not trap. working-class base. At least ked at from Spain, the four about e provinces (Vizcaya, Guipuz- terrorists".
Alava and Navarra) are an of comparatively high living Regime rds and heavy industry. ra and Guipuzcoa have the t population density in Spain. were industrialized relatively Heavy industry established ts, overin Vizcaya during the last they are of the 19th Century. Light giganering followed in the neigh- half ig province of Guipuzcoa. power of days even Vitoria. Alava's ed up as 1, is an expanding industrial monarchie restoration, fascism, or neo-capitalism in the making. -and samtal. 25th September this year will be the fourth anniversary of the declarapractising a ter- tion of armed struggle in Mozambique. It was in 1964 that the Mozampropagandistic, bican people, under the leadership of the Mozambique Liberation Front missions, the and semi- (FRELIMO) struck the first blows for freedom with a series of small Wing military actions.
Since that day military strength by the has grown from a force of 250 to at an army of over 8,000 men and provoking women, trained and equipped.
will the Approximately one fifth of the gle. countryside now under the ore virtual control of FRELIMO, and the the army is pushing south. oli- March this year a new military ass front was opened in the western to province of Tete, a rich and fertile violence, the area where Portugal plans to settle the nay one million white immigrants and where the Cabora Bassa dam, ake which will supply south Africa with heir hydro-electricity, will be built. South Africa, nac already sent several ing companies of troops to guard the in the dam site and fight alongside the ugh Portuguese army in the region. widely distributed propaganda, 10 0. When FRELIMO was formed in Etc., 1962 it was as the result of decades en- of attempts at political organisathe tion. and decades of oppression do and repression by the Portuguese colonial administration. It was after into the the 1884 Treaty tRarlin that Due Portugal began a systematic campaign of conquest, and though she emergency HANT declared won her last major battle in 1898 oli- isolated uprisings continued ees. the early 1920s. Portugal was, however, able to impose her rule on catching the author, tries to dis- Mozambique, a rule of authorimantle a ghost organisation that tarianism and near-slavery, though operates through comandos in only it was largely after Salazar came one of the provinces. With their to power in 1926 that the legislamassive arrests of suspects, some tion with which to enforce it was relevant but also many priests and arentod ex-militants of nationalist organisations now totally inactive, the regime A structure developed in which is doing precisely what ETA wants: forced labour was common: forced to create favourable ground for its cultivation. under the concession future activity and to show the company svstem, equally so: weakness of a political system that fixed quota of Mozambicans went governs through police terror. each year to work in the mines of South Atrica under an agreement atsystem whereby when African has and his and his lanwages of this outlook kind on by become Comoany s labour force would be white man. local chefe do posto guese in chai inge with the Africans ment, or socially, though their slightly have little thair own situation. The better have no poli lated' they have the 6 million receiving any education. Responsibility for schooling for the Africans was handed over to the Catholic Church in a Concordat signed with rAri herring, draw attention the Vatican in 194. and the few AWAy from oppressed conmission schools that exist offer tion. low standard of inadequate education. All schools are fee-paying, Resistance to Portuguese rule and many mission pupils also pay with manual labour mission the form land. Another barrier to advancement is the age limit imposed on All African entry to the various educational levels. By 1960 there were not more than 10 Mozambican Africans who had been able to complete their secondary education within Mozambique, though a handful of others had managed to do so in and South Africa. were killed.
It must not be forgotten that Portugal. in spite hor illiterate). These schools, though hampered for lack of personnel and equipment, teach a new syllabus prepared to fit the needs of movements into asincle the new Mozambique.
cial welfare a mili- centres now TATU training and an exist the liberated educational As the ple first-aid DOSTS I well-equipped for the local unded, and of preventive Medical statistics Portuguese with FRELIMO, been found to be intheir land. accurate.
While the first priority must be the extension of the Armed available; the must be rudimentary though they are FRELIMO's social programmes new freedom. since the re- represent a real advance over the days of Portuguese administration.
They too are a part of the war for liberation, for they are the foundations on which a new society can system. Instead to be be built and once these are laid there can be no retreat. Mozambique's ike that of Angola, is a part of the struggle the sections of the army which which is taking place everywhere in southern Africa today. A blow against Portugal is a blow against racialism and minority rule. Positive support for FRELIMO is suport for the oppressed who are now stand. ing up to fiaht. ing Footnote 1: FRELIMO has just such farming tools. held its second National Congress inside Mozambique. attended by industry is also being set up on a 160 delegates from every part of small scale to produce salt and the country. A full report of prosoap, and marketing co-operatives ceedings is not yet available. deal with internal well as Footnote 2: Anvone wishing to external trade.
contribute towards FRELIMO's programmes, or who would like Bush primary schools have now been established for 11,000 child- more intormotion about Mozam.
bique, should contact: The Com. ren, in accordance with the priority mittee for Freedom in Mozambique for education laid down by the first Congress (97% of Mozam- 1 Antrim Road. London NW3. bique's African population 01-722 9030
Let them eat oil THE BLACK DWARF 13.57