farmed, worshipped, sung its lanFrom 20 to 25 July, 1968, the is now widely representative of the fought, this struggle will be struggle of the peoples of South guage, and buried its dead for cenond Congress of FRELIMO was oreanisatons workers. necessarily protracted. The Con- Africa, Zimbabwe and South-West turies in that valley, be evacuated. d in Mozambique, in a liberated youth, women and students - plus oress decided intensify the Africa, led by the ANC, ZAPU and The snug cottages were razed to the a of Niassa provinee. There representatives of the political and mobilisation and the politicisation SWAPO. It hailed the struggle of ground, the chapel destroyed and the e approximately 170 delegates military structures. The Central of the masses; to recruit elements the Afro-Americans in the United whole valley madadecoste with I observers. The delegates came Committee has now a different of other provinces not yet affected States, against racial discrimination flood waters. Now Liverpool has all n all parts of Mozambique nature. While previously consisting by the armed struggle; to increase and economic exploitation. It hailed the water it needs, and all for free; irenço Marques to Del- only of the Secretaries of the De- the number of militias; to amplify the of the Portuguese they pay nothing for it, while not lo - and represented all strata partments and their assistants, and two women's detachment; and to people against Salazar's fascism. four miles from the pipeline there the Mozambican having legislative, executive and apply the policy of clemency The Congress declared its solidarity are still Welsh villages who cannot kers, peasants, intellectuals and judicial functions, it has now been captured enemy soldiers. with the peoples and governments afford to be put onto the 'mains'. ditional chiefs. Observers were expanded to about 40 elected mem- Concerning the administration of of the socialist countries, and en- The Free Wales Army was formed present, including Britch bers and representatives of mass the liberated zones, it was decided trusted the Central Committee to then. of men whose limit of anger ter and journalist Basil Davidson. organisations, and its function has to consolidate the establishment of intensify the relations between had been reached. he importance of this Congress ts on the fact that it is the first become strictly legislative. The executive function belongs to the power in those regions; to increase political and administrative FRELIMO and the tries. socialist coin. And so Tryweryn was blown up. Not very effectively, it is true: for it ngress held in liberated Mozam- ue, and the first Congress truly a new organ - the Executive Com- mittee comprising the President production; liberated areas by persuading the to re-populate the tions took place. Members of the At the end of the Congress elec- explosive material from the sources is hard to collect together enough resentative of the Mozambican and the Vice-President of FRELIMO, people who sought refuge in the Central Committee were elected. available: but enough of a BANG ple. The participants at the first and the Secretaries of the Depart- exterior to return to their lands; to Comrades EDUARDO MONDLANE was made to make the whole of ngress, which was held in Dar es aam in September 1962, were stly emigrants who had lived out- ments. Committee was solve urgent political and military A Political also Land created, to Military Mozambicans uplift the and cultural by training creating level Ot moro more the and URIA SIMANGO were re-elected for President the posts, and Vice-President respectively, of of ting Welsh? Britain sit up and wonder— What's all this about? The Welsh? The rat- Who have been our e Mozambique for several years. w, in 1968, nearly all the dele- problems in between the ordinary meetings of the Central Committee. teachers; to better the services of social assistance; to improve medi- FRELIMO. The Congress sent a message to sycophants for centuries! What do those miserable down and outs, who es came directly from their cal assistance. His Excellency Julius K. Nyerere, can hardly speak straight English. ions in Mozambique, and all of m are actively engaged in the volution. relevant Vice-President, Political, Security, Internal Organis- consisting of the Departments Secretaries of the Precident (Defence, and Congress condemned the American imperialist aggression against Viet- Regarding external policy, the President of the United Republic of government and the people of Tan- Tanzania, thanking him his a few alienated individuals, a few what do they mean by this cheek? ... Of course it is nothing... just he Congress was held in an losphere kness h revolutionary spirit. The dele- es presented the problems of and of democracy, wide cordiality, with TAripe of FRELIMO are elected by the ation), and the The President and Vice-President Provincial Secre- nam, the Government of the Democratic solidarity and support of FRELIMO to the FLN of South Vietnam and to and reaffirmed the total zania for the support they have always given to the struggle of the Mozambican people. unity of the Mozambican people. It This Congress reinforced the thugs and criminals who must be stamped out." sent orders to the Welsh Constabu- lary to do everything in their power (short of making any martyrs) to So the Home Office ir regions the political organisation, the problems concern- Congress upon proposal Central Committee. by the the imperialist alliance of NATO; condemned the imperialist policy of Republic of Vietnam; condemned proved that all Mozambicans united in the same will to be free. are bribe catch the culprits, punish them and the population to become ned struggle, and national recon- At provincial level there is a Pro- Israel against the Arab and to work together to regain informants. that £10,000 be offered to certain They even authorised action. These problems ward vincia Council and a Provincial hailed the revolutionary struggles their freedom. This Second Con- F.W.A. members if they would only roughly discussed: on the basis the discussions directives for Committee. of the peoples of Angolia, Guinea final victory. gress was a decisive step towards stop their activities. That is a lot of Decision of the people of the peoples of Angola Guinea money, and an easy way out for a ir solution were drawn up. N.B. Contributions to the Mozamand Cape Verde. Sao Tome and man on the 'dole, who remembers Among the most important de- The Congress took important Principe and reaffirmed the unitary bique liberation strugale can be fighting in the last war for Justice ions of the Congress are those decisions. It reaffirmed that in the nature of the struggle of all peoples cent more information Freedom and Peace, etc., and comes ich have changed some struc- present circumstances the Armed under Portuguese colonialism. The tained, through The Committee for home to find everything remaining es of the Congress continues to be the organisation. Thus. liberate Mozambique, and that con- is still the only way to Congress hailed and expressed Freedom in Mozambique, 1 Antrim Road London NW3. Tel: 01-722 as it was in the depression times.
no work, no house, no purpose to reme organ of FRELIMO, but it sidering the conditions in which it its support to the revolutionary 9030.
be alive but drink and song and the my doubts). Or was he considerably unbalanced? (he is rumoured to have spent time in a mental home, and his fantastical boasts would give credence to that theory). Or was he a bona-fide innocent who had wanted to do something for Wales, but was frightened when confronted with reality and told all, and more than all, to the Police because they bullied him, or because his mother was ill and he wanted to get out of it all in the casiest way possible? (which is his story). Whatever the truth of the matter, the jury decided that his word was not to be trusted, and they found Owain Williams 'Not Guilty" of being in unlawful possession of explosive substances.
It must be admitted that Williams had a brilliant Barrister defending him: one Andrew Rankin, Q.C., but even he could have done little to help Williams (hamed hereafter 'Now") (a nickname) if the other two witnesses called by the Prosecution had not shown him the way, at the Committal hearing.
The 19 year old, John, alleged that Now had phoned him up one day and told him to go to the village of Groeslon on November 3rd. *67, and there would be a man, Robyn Jones. who would give him a parcel. He said he took this parcel: inside it were 13 sticks of gelignite. He was frightened but took them home, put them into a tin and gave them to Now the next day. But Now pleaded Not Guilty to ever having had in his possesion any gelignite whatsoever.
So what did this man Robyn Jones have to say?
Now, the police had discovered that he had a mate called Edward Wilkinson, and that he had obtained gelly, in a pub, quite openly, from someone called Arfon Jones. who told them so without any difficulty. It was not very useful gelly that he had picked up anyway but the police were not bothered about that detail: gelly is gelly and to speak the word in itself is incriminating evidence to them. it seems.
Robyn and Ned were picked up in Walton. There's a place ready for you from tomorrow, unless you sign this... and if you sign this we will help you. We will protect you from the revenge of the other F.W.A. men, and we will pay off the mortgage on your house, so you need never again have any financial worries.' He refused this "help' as would any man who called himself a man. However, somewhere along the line their signatures were obtained. At least they 'admitted' to the possession of 'fuse wire' and a gun. Then they were allowed out on bail; and only then, by their own efforts, did they get hold of a solicitor; despite the fact that at the preliminary hearing, the day after they were taken in, they had been granted legal aid' (those words were ALL they got!)
At their own trial then, they got 2 year suspended sentences. Immediately after they were discharged by the Court, the police took them away up a back passage and made them sign new statements. Ones which conflicted with those they had been forced to make while in the cells. Robyn and Ned knew that the police would not have'a leg to stand on if this little matter were brought to public notice, and besides they wanted to get home badly by then so after a few hours of haggling they signed these statements. Meanwhile, Now had gone to London. By the time he returned Ned and Robyn were already free men, but he was arrested. He was made to understand that all the norde were stacked against him; everyone had turned traitor and told all manner of things about him to save their own skins. The press knew nothing, so that even the cause of Welsh Nationalism would not gain from his conviction. He had no time to prepare his defence, and the solitor of his choice was not available. So he flew to Ireland, where he remained until August 27th this year.
When he did return he was immediately apprehended at Birmingham Airport. I'm not morally guilty: he that if this man had explosives it would NOT have been for a lawful purpose but is it established that he had any at all? There is only the word of this one lad Robyn and Ned for their part, refused to take the oath. When asked to explain, they told the court about how the police had handled them when they were arrested. How they had not been allowed a lawyer. How the statements they had been forced to make, under "duress', were null and void.
I made the same complaint at the last hearing.' Robyn said. "The court promised to give me an explanation. They have not done so. Why not?' And Ned said 'Men have died in tWO world wars, believing they fought for Justice. Did we have Justice? Tell me!' And the Judge made conciliatory noises, and then told them to take the oath and get on with the matter in hand.
When it came to the crucial question of the parcel, Robyn admitted he had had it off Ned. ... 'But not gelly, no, it was a gun. A gun which John had tried to sell me: I showed it to Ned and he sent it back to me.* Ned corroborated this statement. About the gelly he'd had from Afron ... it was no good, it was soft, wet, flabby - it goes like that when it's stored for long. I used it for poaching salmon. It doesn't even kill them, only stuns them. No, I never gave no gelignite to noone!' So the case for the Prosecution rested solely on the evidence of John, the documents, a few ambiguous words from Now himself, and the forensic expert. The Defence made short work of these. The hardest nut to crack being to prove that John was lying. However, when the Judge pointed out that in British law it was considered dangerous to believe the evidence of an 'accomplice', without firm corroborative evidence from outside, then really the Jury had little option but to find Williams "not guilty'.
13.8 THE BLACK DWARF